ANTI-IMPERIALISM OF YESTERDAY AND TODAY
The issue of anti-imperialism is defined conceptually, because of its refusal to imperialism . That is: the development of a notion of extra-territoriality, accompanied by an expansion of the military apparatus, a system of subordination that accompanies economic production of power relations. Imperialism is the expression of the consolidation of a model of capitalism based on the expansion of production.
In this context, the transition rates between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, generated a whole debate about the impact of this model of capitalist development and its concrete political expression: imperialism. The most conspicuous representative of thought against imperialism is certainly Vladimir Ilich Lenin. Their contributions and guidelines are followed by a series of socio-political impact in Latin America having historical conditions that made it prone to build anti-imperialist trend. As we know, the struggle for our independence were certainly anti-colonial struggles, anti-imperial, to be an armed resistance to the domination and hegemony of the Hispanic Empire. The concern of the intelligentsia, not just Venezuela, but Latin America was related to the issue of what to do with the nation?, And it did so in the nineteenth century as in the twentieth.
The political debate ranged from two trends: 1) those who indicated that we had to walk the paths indicated by the industrial, capitalist world and 2) those who thought they had get rid of these trends and build another road. In Venezuela, there was an initial anti-imperialism, between the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, to be represented at the thought of Caesar Fombona Zumeta and Rufino Blanco. Both thinkers pointed a way for our country survive the impact of the new capitalism. Zumeta, said in his book The Continent Sick (1899) that nation states emerged from the dissolution of colonial should: 1) exploit the natural wealth for national development purposes, 2) seek a peaceful or violent, when the media peaceful fail, internal problems, 3) reinterpret the Monroe Doctrine in order to adapt to our context. That led to the fact that Zumeta was one of the key stakeholders to incorporate the government of JV Gómez capitalist development and thereafter the modernization drive, as a strategy to survive imperialism. White Fombona for its part, argues the need for panlatinoamericana Union, to stop the Anglo-Saxon advance. The anti-imperialism of both is subtle, nothing like a Marxist perspective whose major interpreters will be Salvador de La Plaza, Gustavo and Eduardo Machado. Arising
all previously named the student movement organized around the Students General Association (AGE) in 1914, long-term influence by Joseph Enrique Rodo (Ariel), Manuel Ugarte, José Martí, among others, claiming the need to break the bonds of dependence on the British and U.S. capital. In 1925, Salvador de La Plaza and Machado pointed to the pressing needs of Latin American unity. In this match both Zumeta as Fombona. However, establishing an essential difference: the unit was based in the overthrow of tyrannical governments and the regime that supports the U.S. anticaudillismo and the presence and the association with economic operators established in our countries. While Zumeta and Fombona, pointed to the need to adjust the relationship with the U.S. and Britain, to protect them; Machado De La Plaza and spoke of a relationship breakdown. The discursive strategy of this anti-imperialism moved into two camps: 1) the confrontation with imperialism and its representatives in the National States and 2) the tactic of forming "fronts" for certain sectors of the bourgeoisie or the petty bourgeoisie . This explains, as the Partido Revolucionario Venezolano (PRV-1926) harbored in their midst Rómulo Betancourt and then moved away from each other.
The New Anti-imperialism of the late twentieth century, confirms its continental character. Is expressed by the use of capitalist development as a generator of wealth and economic power, but differs is in terms of capital is used to exploit more, however, capital is a vehicle to strengthen ties of complementarity. UNASUR is an example of this anti-imperialist strategy, integration mechanisms implemented by the political axis Chávez-Morales-Correa says one way to combat the spread and control of the market that aims to imperialism. Before them, use the strategy to consolidate a market, but not to settle and reproduce the capital, but to use the capital as support for reducing class contradictions prevailing. This new anti-imperialism, economic strategies used to combat the defining dialectic, in that sense is much more effective emerged in the early twentieth century. The new anti-imperialism runs employing the use of markets and speculative economic strategies, but not to increase the added value but rather to use the proceeds in the development of social policies and financial mobilization for the economic consolidation of nation states.
Dr. Juan Eduardo Romero
Historian
10/03/2009
Juane1208@gmail.com
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